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Question:

How to reduce the power (voltage) transformer 12V for normal operation of electric motors(for mini-escalator)?

I have a transformer 12v and 12v need to reduce these further to be able to grow or shrink the rotational speed electromotor.Which device or component would be used to reduce the speed of electromotor?I making a mini escalators

Answer:

A transformer has AC output, so first get DC, which needs a rectifier and capacitor. Following this is a voltage regulator using an LM317 (adjustable 3 terminal regulator). This can delivers ~1 amp. You should know what maximum current your motor draws under load. The first link is an example for 1.25V-15 V with an 18V transformer. Use a 12V transformer, and a 1000 ohm potentiometer as a variable resistor instead of 2000 ohms (R2). This will give voltages from 1.25V to 7.0V DC. Use the formula to calculate other resistors for a different voltage. Get the LM317 in a TO220 package, and you will need a heat sink, at least as big as in the picture. You can probably find a kit of parts for this in an electronics shop.

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