When people buy small solar panels, what are the steps to making it actually charge or run something.. I'm completely new to this of course and im curious. what kinda of wire and other devices are needed and how do you attach the wire and everything..
It is quite complex from an engineering point of view. If the objective is academic, then it is worth the education for a small system. If it is to save money, whether it is viable depends what are the current rates where U are and a whole bunch of issues. The current technologies available are very far from one size fits all! Hope this answers your question
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Small solar panels produce almost no power that matters to anything. A whole square meter may produce 80 Watts when facing the noon sun in Arizona. take that down to 28 Watts in Erie Pa. The 80 Watts can charge a 2 volt battery at about 8 amps times 6 hours, or 48 Amp hours per day in Arizona or perhaps 5 amp hours/day in Erie. The amount of energy you can save declines as the battery is more charged so you need to use up the power stored before you have more to save. To do that charging you need a circuit that will carry 8 amps, including a voltage regulator. So, if your circuit can stand 20 amps the person in Arizona can run 2 square meters of panel. It may seem strange but the same is true for the person in Erie. The person in Erie has to allow for the maximum output of the panel, not the expected average. The person in Erie will occasionally have really clear skies and put out maximum rated amps. The amperage that the batteries can put out at maximum should not be used. That will destroy the battery. One puts a breaker on each output circuit to protect the circuit and a breaker that limits battery output to 20 amps based on a battery rated at 800 amps. That 800 amps is surge capacity. One or two panels does not really justify having this capacity for battery and circuitry. I can think of using it to provide an emergency LED lighting system.
