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Question:

What is the most efficient type of hand powered water pump?

The actual way to move water (liquid) from a pond with small bits of debris. Trying to find out which system is the most efficient: vane, impeller, rotary, centrifugal...etc...either by hand or using a bicycle to turn the pump. I do NOT want to use an engine or electric motor. I've read about the transfer pumps in the hardware store are only about 50% efficient, I need something better that will provide me a continuous output. Something lightweight that will handle pressure. Any ideas? Thanks in advance!!

Answer:

You can make this easier to use with a few extra parts to make a shadoof.
Solar water pumps have been in mass production since 1983 and are in use in thousands of locations around the world. Pumps that are designed to be powered by solar energy are far more efficient than an equivalent AC powered pump. There are many types of pumps and systems available for pumping from deep wells, shallow wells, ponds and streams. :)
Most efficient (fewest parts) is a lift pump. The simplest example is if you use a bucket. You can make this easier to use with a few extra parts to make a shadoof the only losses are friction in the pivot and any leakage that takes place.
Although you may not think of it as a continuous source, an ancient Noria water wheel is quite effective and can be leveraged with gears and ratchets. The continuous flow is acheived by transferring the water to a reservoir at a higher elevation from which the water at a constant known pressure determined by the elevation can be drawn, excess water can be overflowed, regulating the pressure so long as the draw is less than the average delivery of water. Early mines were cleared of water with Norias as pumps could not pull beyond atmospheric pressure.

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