What's the trouble with diving?
Pressure differences can also occur in the middle ear. If the connection of middle ear and throat tube (eustachian tube) in yawning or swallowing not normally opened, middle ear pressure than the external pressure is low. The tympanic membrane separating the middle ear from the external ear by the pressure increasing, concave, pressure is large enough, it may cause a ruptured eardrum, causing pain and hearing impairment. Rupture of the eardrum may usually heal, but infection can not be easily cured.If the eardrum breaks, the diver does not wear a helmet to dive in cold water, and cold water from the cleft into the middle ear causes severe vertigo, disorientation, nausea, vomiting, and may eventually lead to drowning. When the water temperature in the ear reaches the body temperature, the vertigo is alleviated.The pressure difference in the middle ear affects the inner ear, the organ responsible for hearing and balance, which sometimes causes the diver to feel dizzy when he begins to rise from under water. It rarely breaks between the middle ear and the inner ear and flows into the liquid. The rupture of the eardrum needs immediate repair to prevent permanent damage.Wear earplugs to form a closed space between the earplug and the eardrum, resulting in a pressure difference. Therefore, prohibit using earplugs when diving.The pressure difference can cause similar injuries to the sinuses, causing facial pain or headaches. Pressure balance congestion prevents middle ear and sinus congestion, decongestants can temporarily relieve nasal or sinus tract, Eustachian tube. If you repeatedly dive, but also failed to maintain pressure balance, often cause pressure damage.
The underwater high pressure is produced by the weight of the water above it, just as the pressure on the land barometer is caused by the weight of the air. Underwater pressure, usually expressed in units of depth (meters) or absolute atmospheric pressure. An absolute atmospheric pressure equal to the weight of water (at 10 meters per atmosphere) plus the earth's atmosphere (1 atmospheres). Therefore, the depth of the diver in the sea up to 10 meters, a total pressure of two he was 2 times the absolute atmospheric pressure or ground atmospheric pressure. At 10 meters per depth, 1 atmospheres will be added.Impact of high pressureAs the external pressure increases, the pressure of the blood and the tissues of the body increases correspondingly, but some organs that contain air, such as the lungs and trachea, are not necessarily so. The lungs and trachea are automatically balanced with external pressure when oxygen is supplied to the deep water by diving helmet.The space in the mask or goggles used during diving can also vary in pressure. The pressure in the mask is the same as that of the air exhaled by the nose, and is balanced with the outside world. But the pressure in goggles may not equal; the inside of the low pressure, pressure in the eyes like a cup. Blood pressure near the surface of the eye to expansion, exudation, hemorrhage and finally rupture. Divers use control over the duration of the dive to avoid the effects of pressure differential.
Diving, caisson, disease, scuba diving, or scuba diving with scuba diving can cause diseases such as gas embolism and decompression sickness. Danger of life if not treated in time. These problems are caused by underwater high pressure and are equally affected by tunnels that use compressed air or work in caissons (closed boxes for underwater construction). A diving disease is an obstacle caused by the rapid return of atmospheric pressure conditions from a caisson (caisson) to the ground at atmospheric pressure. The nitrogen dissolved in the body fluid is rapidly changed into a bubble due to changes in air pressure, causing embolism. The gas embolism is the cause of the disease.
