According to the reactivity of metals, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) will not react with copper (Cu). But I am almost sure that the copper nail I put in the aluminum chloride solution became shiny and lost its copper lust. Why did this reaction happen?
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Well done on noting unexpected observations and following up. Your copper is coated with a dull coating of copper oxide. It became shiny because aluminium salts are acidic in water and the acidity dissolves the coating to form a copper salt and leaving the shiny copper. CuO + 2H3O+ ---- Cu2+ + 3H2O The reaction to form the acidity, a hydrated hydrogen ion H+(H2O) or H3O+ is fairly complex. If aluminium chloride is dissolved in a large amount of water the solution is acidic, but this has nothing to do with formation of hydrochloric acid. The solution contains hydrated aluminium ions and chloride ions: AlCl3(s) + aq → [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3Cl -(aq) The hexaqua complex ion behaves exactly like ions of similar type formed from transition metals; the small, highly charged metal ion polarises (withdraws electron density from) the water molecules that are attached to the aluminium ion through dative covalent bonds. This makes the hydrogen atoms d+ and susceptible to attack from solvent water, which is acting as a base. The complex ion is deprotonated, causing the solution to be acidic from the formation of hydroxonium ions H3O+: [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + H2O(l) → [Al(H2O)5OH]2+(aq) + H3O+(aq)
