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why do universal motors work on ac and dc?

why do universal motors work on ac and dc?

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Any motor needs two (one stationary and one rotating) magnetic fields that interact to produce the torque. In a universal motor both magnetic fields are produced by the same current passing through both the field coils and the armature coils, in series. Since attraction does not depend on what the poles are, but only that they are different (N and S or S and N) and repulsion depends not on what the poles are, but only that they are the same (N and N or S and S). So regardless of which way the current flows, both the stationary and rotating poles reverse simultaneously, so opposites are not changed to sames and vice versa. So the direction of the torque is independent of the common current direction. -- Regards, John Popelish

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