Can agricultural plastic mulch affect soil microbiota and soil fertility?

Yes, agricultural plastic mulch can significantly affect soil microbiota and fertility. The mulch creates a physical barrier that can alter the soil environment, potentially affecting microbial communities by changing temperature, moisture, and oxygen levels. This can lead to shifts in microbial diversity and activity, impacting soil health. Additionally, plastic mulch can reduce the soil's ability to retain water and nutrients, affecting fertility. Over time, the decomposition of plastic mulch can release chemicals that may be toxic to soil microorganisms, further impacting soil fertility. However, the extent of these effects can vary based on mulch type, duration of use, and management practices.