Yes, agricultural plastic mulch can improve soil structure and fertility. It helps retain soil moisture, reducing the need for irrigation and promoting root growth. Mulch also suppresses weed growth, conserving soil nutrients that would otherwise be competed for by weeds. Over time, as the mulch decomposes, it adds organic matter to the soil, enhancing soil structure and fertility. However, it's important to use biodegradable mulches to avoid long-term soil pollution from non-degradable plastics.