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Question:

How can we PROVE how many electrons each atom has?

I know the theory around this: the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.However, is there any way to prove that this is true?For example, Al is meant to have 13 electrons but only uses 3 in bondingIs there any way to tell that it doesn't, say, have just 3 electrons in total?

Answer:

The MD will take a medical history ask you to list all your symptomsHe may give you some meds dietary adviceIf he is very thorough he may palpate your stomach, listen to your stomach with a stethoscopeHe may do a digital rectal exam to take a stool sample to test for occult bloodIt's not so bad.
if there is a physical, all the drwill do is feel your tummyThats itNothing embarrasingMost of the time the dr will ask you a ton of questionsIBS is not a disorder that you test forIt is really a chronic condition that the dr will diagnose you with if he can't find any other reason for your tummy problemsDon't worryI have IBS too.
Protons and electrons are in equal number in a neutral atom because their charges are equalIf there were only 3 electrons, the aluminum would have a net positive charge, and you would feel a shock as you reached for an aluminum can and electrons started streaming out of your bodyPS You don't really need to prove that it is true, because both the electrons and protons are just part of a model used to explain the behavior of atomsIt would be like trying to prove that a dollar is worth 100 cents.

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