How do agricultural plastic mulch reduce pests and diseases in crops?

Agricultural plastic mulch reduces pests and diseases in crops through several mechanisms. Firstly, it acts as a physical barrier that prevents soil-borne pests and pathogens from reaching the plants. Secondly, it modifies the microclimate around the plants, reducing the humidity that many diseases thrive in. Thirdly, it can limit the spread of diseases by preventing splash dispersal of pathogens during rainfall. Additionally, mulch can suppress weed growth, which can serve as hosts for pests and diseases. Lastly, it can improve soil health, indirectly enhancing the plants' natural resistance to pests and diseases.