Grain orientation plays a crucial role in determining the magnetic properties of silicon steel. When the grains are aligned in the same direction, the material exhibits a preferred magnetic domain orientation, resulting in improved magnetic properties such as higher permeability and lower hysteresis losses. On the other hand, random grain orientation leads to reduced magnetic performance due to increased magnetic domain walls and higher energy losses. Therefore, proper grain orientation is vital in optimizing the magnetic properties of silicon steel for various applications, including transformers and electric motors.
