how does the light bulb produce light???
The filament takes in electrical energy (electrons) and puts energy out as visible light photons.
The filament is heated by the electrical current until it glows. The difficulty is to choose the right material so that the filament will not melt at this temperature, but only glow.
The filament has a certain resistance to current. This resistance to current produces a potential that the electrons must overcome in the filament. The act on overcoming this voltage requires energy which is transfered from electrical energy to thermal and light energy. Mostly thermal energy, which is why a regular light bulb is less efficient than a halogen light bulb which works using a different physical concept. Most materials convert electrical energy to thermal energy. But a light bult has a specially designed material which can convert more of this energy to light. This is why you look at the Wattage of a light bulb. Wattage is a measure of how fast electrical energy is being coverted to light. (Energy/Time). This is why higher watt light bulbs are brighter. I guess Thomas Edison was pretty smart.
The filament get so hot it glows. At least, this is how an incandescent bulb works.
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