Different types of insulation materials used with aluminum profiles include thermal insulation materials such as polyurethane foam, mineral wool, and polystyrene. These materials help in reducing heat transfer and maintaining temperature control. Additionally, electrical insulation materials like PVC, polyethylene, and silicone rubber are used to prevent electrical conductivity and protect against electrical hazards. Acoustic insulation materials like fiberglass and soundproofing foam are also used to reduce noise transmission through aluminum structures. Each type of insulation serves a specific purpose and is chosen based on the application's requirements.