what difference would be observed in the results??
The penny is not being discontinued3.5 cents per dollar gets rounded to 4 cents where I live WowStop the passes, cupcake.
The government has already cheapened the penny about as far as it canSwitching the penny to a 2-cent coin won't help because the price is already close to 2 cents (recent increases in metal prices have probably already pushed the cost of the penny over 2 cents)A smaller penny might be doable, but it would have to be no more than half the size of the existing penny-that's pretty smallThe round-up problem exists, but it's not as bad as you make outIf the sales tax is 3.5% then for a $1 item the merchant will collect $1.05 (the merchant gets the 'extra' 1.5 cents, not the government)However, for a $10 item, the tax is $0.35, not $0.50No 'extra' money is collectedThe round-up is only on the odd amountsThe joys of inflation.
just because the penny is discontinued, it does not mean that taxes and merchandise will only be in increments of a nickelthe use of the penny would only be discontinued at the Point of Sale, ie the cash registernon-cash purchases like Credit Cards and Checks will still be in penny incrementsIf you paid in cash, then you would have to pay 1.00 for an item that is priced at 99 cents and not get change backMany grocery stores have Membership cards, and they could track your extra pennies and give you a refund when it reaches a nickelSo with some minor tweaks, eliminating the penny does not end commerce as we know it The problem for the government is not just the cost to make the pennyA greater issue is the huge trucks required to carry the tons of coins from the Treasury mint to federal reserve and national banksIn the past, the argument against ending the penny was vending machinesbut not many vending machines accept a penny these daysChanging the size of the penny would require replacing all vending machine anyway so that is not a viable alternative.
Conductivity (either thermal or electrical) isn't an issue when it comes to alpha scatteringGold made a really good target because it could be made into much thinner sheets than aluminumAlso, it become more apparent later that the larger nucleus of gold, compared to aluminum, would repel the alpha particles more effectivelyIn fact, Geiger and Marsden used a number of different metal foils in studying alpha scattering, it's just that we hear most about the experiments with gold foil because they were the most dramatic because of just how thin the gold was, and how well the alphas passed through or were back scatteredThe result with aluminum would have been much that same as with gold except there would have been fewer alphas to observe on the other side and fewer alphas which were back scatteredThat's because, with the thicker aluminum foil, more alphas would have been absorbedMore importantly, there were small differences in the angles of the scattering because the alpha particles could approach the aluminum atoms more closely, and even collide with themThat's because the aluminum atom did not have the larger positive charge of a gold atomthe use of aluminum target nuclei yielded measurable direct backscatter of alpha particles, at least establishing an upper bound for the nuclear sizeMore on the alpha scattering experiments here: hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hba.
Not all states have the same tax rate as Texas, so while that may work for Texas, it wouldn't work for everywhere else.
