What is the relationship between the electric field and the magnetic field in an electromagnetic wave?
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For the best answers, search on this site shorturl.im/3ZE1N The relationship between magnetic and electric fields is determined by Maxwell's Equations. Time-changing electric fields produce magnetic fields and vice versa. The equations dictate that the direction of the fields are at right angles, but the magnitude is given by the time rate of change of the generating field. When you solve the equations for the condition that the time-changing electric field produces a time-changing magnetic field in such a way that the magnetic field is also time-changing, plus the nature of the time-changing magnetic field is such that it generates the same electric field that produced it, then you get a wave equation in which both fields form sinusoidal waves traveling at light speed. In this wave the magnitude of the electric and magnetic fields are 90? out of phase, so that the magnetic field reaches its peak when the electric field is zero and vice versa. This is what you are referring to as the inverse relationship. This does not hold in the general case; for example, an electric field that is increased at a linear rate produces a constant (non-time-changing) magnetic field. So the electric field goes up but the magnetic field doesn't go at all. (Of course, this condition is not self-sustaining; some external input must keep the electric field increasing.)
An electric field that changes with time (such as due to the motion of charged particles in the field) will also influence the magnetic field of that region of space. Thus, in general, the electric and magnetic fields are not completely separate phenomena; what one observer perceives as an electric field, another observer in a different frame of reference perceives as a mixture of electric and magnetic fields. . In physics, an electric field is a property that describes the space that surrounds electrically charged particles or that which is in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field. A magnetic field is a field of force produced by a magnetic object or particle, or by a changing electrical field and is detected by the force it exerts on other magnetic materials and moving electric charges. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude (or strength); as such it is a vector field.
