To answer this one needs to understand the difference between AC and DC electricity. AC electricity has a 'frequency' that electrical or electronic machines have been designed for. If you were to suddenly supply DC energy to a machine that is designed for AC it would overheat at certain places. If it has an AC motor, it would'nt run very well if at all, get very hot, etc.
AC means the current is alternating (moving sinusoidally, at 60 Hz in the USA). A change in current over time is what moves the AC motor, because the magnetic field is constantly being changed. If you supply an AC motor with a non-changing current (DC), absolutely nothing will happen. A magnetic field will probably be created (if you don't blow other components), but the motor will surely not work.
Too long to answer here in any detail. AC and DC are totally different, and motors are designed to work on one or the other, not both. An AC motor uses the AC voltage to advantage, switching the polarity of the magnetic field to keep the motor rotating. DC motors do this via commutators which reverse the polarity via sliding contacts, or brushes. Bottom line, motors could be designed to work on both, if the designer wanted to, but it would increase cost and decrease effeciency. And why would we want to? Every place we put machinery, we know if it is AC or DC, and the machinery is designed to match.
