Why can organic matter be unique in chemical substances? What is the nature of the C atom?
Silicon compounds can also be made like this. However, for silicon-based organisms, the appropriate temperature of silicon-based enzymes is probably too high, the earth is too cold for them.
To give a reason, the current production of more economical temperature control is limited.
Carbon, and can be spun, sp2, sp3 hybrid, so CH, CC, CO, CN, C = C, C = O, C = N and other covalent bonds can be formed and the key size is moderate, So these keys can also be more easily broken and generate new compounds. For silicon, the type of hybrid is mainly sp3 (no O = Si = O this molecule exists), but the Si-O bond bond energy is greater than Si-C, Si-Si, Si-H, so these keys are It is easy to break to produce SiO2, so there is the most natural Si-O compounds, and this compound is very stable, difficult to break down or other reactions.
Organic this historical term, can be choked to the 19th century, when the students that organic compounds can only be biological (life-force, vis vitalis) synthesis. This theory is based on organic matter and "inorganic" the basic difference, organic matter can not be non-vitality synthesis. But later this theory was overthrown, the German chemist Friedrich W?hler to cyanide and ammonia synthesis of urea (inorganic synthesis of organic matter). In general, organic compounds are defined as compounds with hydrogen bonds and inorganic compounds are not. Therefore, carbonic acid (H2CO3), carbon dioxide is an inorganic compound, but formic acid (also known as formic acid) (HCOOH, the first fatty acid) is an organic compound.
Organic carbon can be used in various architectures (ring, chain, short or long chain, twisted or planar aromatic or heterocyclic or naphthenes containing N / S / X halogen / P, etc.) Reaction mechanism (electrophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, carbon positive ion intermediates, etc.). Due to the large negative carbon power is not great, the number of hybrid tracks can be 2 to 4 and not too much. For silicon, because of the electronegativity is less than hydrogen, resulting in silane hydrogen bonds in the biased hydrogen to make it easy to break, so silane in the air can be spontaneous combustion (not to mention disilane and above) The formation of compounds (similar to the alkyl) between the basic and hydrogen is so unstable that other similar compounds are difficult to stabilize.
