I purchased a doorbell in Europe, it has a transformer that goes from 220V to 14.8V, will the transformer work on 110, or do I have to replace the transformer?
It shall not work on 110V. But you can feed the 240V find inside the power panel to this transformer to make it work. USA power system has both 120V and 240V existed in the power breaker box.
Yes but the secondary will produce 7.4VAC instead of 14.8VAC.
If the mains side (primary) has a switch or 4 connections then it can probably be configured to work, as some transformers have dual 110v windings and are connected in series for 220v and parallel for 110v. Otherwise its not up to it.