This is an answer to irreducible complexity. Are there any examples that we see in animals or organs? or on the cellular level? Are vestigial organs a form of quot;scaffoldingquot; that are in the process of being removed?
The classic demonstration was in the E. coli long term experiment. A strain gained the ability to metabolize citric acid after 31,500 generations. Culturing preserved strains from 15,000 and 20,000 generations showed that there was an event that occurred in between that enabled the later conversion to citrate metabolism.
