Does the National Electrial code allow the use of pvc conduit (1) connected to metal ends and connectors designed for use with rigid metal conduit.
No, a raceway must be part of a listed assembly including connectors and couplings approved for the application. RMC connectors are not approved for use on PVC conduit.
NM cable shouldn't be compatible for moist nor damp areas. UF cable is not suitable for that uncovered utility either. The cable connectors you selected are suitable for both NM and UF cable. The inspector goes to direct you to make use of a raceway rather of cabling. Make particular you employ an properly rated luminaire and instruments and covers.
No, because the metal ends and connectors won't be properly grounded as they would when installed on metal conduit. Use the correct plastic pipe with the correct plastic fittings and everything will install much more easily. Especially if you use flexible plastic conduit. That stuff sure makes electrical work easier !
The local code is more important and relevant than the NEC. Contact your city, town, or county building inspector and ask that person.