Defects in which valves would produce the following?1) SEVERE DEPENDENT EDEMA?2) PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPEA3) CONGESTED LIVER?4) DISTENDED JUGULAR VEINS?5) PRODUCTIVE COUGH WITH FROTHY SPUTUMfor 1. i believe it's tricupsid valve, 2. mitra valve please correct me if I'm wrong. Thaanks!
Tricuspid regurgitation: Symptoms of right-sided heart failure, such as ascites, hepatomegaly, edema and jugular venous distension.
1. Would require dysfunction on a valve in the right heart generally speaking, so the options would be the likes of tricuspid regurgitation or stenosis, or even pulmonary stenosis. 2. PND is a result of heart failure, particularly regarding the left side of the heart (although of course both sides could be failing). Many valve problems could cause this as an end result... a bit of an odd question, but I'd go with mitral stenosis or regurgitation primarily. 3. Congested liver is the systemic blood system overload (like the oedema), so it is the right heart. Triscuspid regurgitation can cause a congested liver and if you felt this liver, it would be pulsating too. 4. Distended jugular veins are a sign of heart failure. Primarily right heart failure as it is causing blood to be backed up instead of passing through the right heart to the lungs. Tricuspid stenosis or plain old right heart failure (with or without left heart failure at the same time). 5. This is typical of left heart failure as blood backs up into the pulmonary system as the left heart is failing to pump into the systemic circulation. Similar things to PND can cause this. These questions though, are honestly a little on the vague side and half those cases would result from heart failure even without any valvular abnormalities...
