What is the material of construction used for the heat exchangers in an Ammonia Plant (high pressure and temperature conditions). Is there any useful websites that I can refer to??Thanks for your help,
Construction of heat exchangers, boilers, and surface condenser tubes is mainly limited to copper, steel, stainless steel, and cast iron with exceptions such as the use of titanium in ultra high pressure vessel applications. To assure a proper tube joint, the tube wall must be reduced by a predetermined percentage dependent upon the material the tube is constructed of.[1]. For example, Tubing Material: Copper Cupro Nickel 8 - 10% Steel, Carbon Steel Admiralty Brass 7 - 8% Stainless Steel Titanium 4 - 5% Pneumatic or hydraulic torque rolling devices with an expander (consisting of a mandrel, cage with rolls, case assembly with a thrust collar) are used to expand the end of the tube so it seals against the tube sheet of the vessel. It is important to note that the type of tool has to be with paired not only with material but also the inner and outer dimensions of the tube as well. Thickness of the tube sheet (what each individual tube is inserted into) has to be taken into consideration during tube removal or installation procedures.
