how to improve efficiencies shell and tube heat exchanger?
Use counter-current instead of co-current. Increase fluid (or gas) velocities, especially to get turbulent flow instead of laminar flow. Spec fins and/or surface roughness on one or both sides of the HX. Make it bigger and longer - Size does matter. But how to optimize it? Balance the cost of those changes with the efficiences projected. With rising fuel prices, most old HXs are underbuilt. And Peter: time machines use flux capacitors. HXs are used in refineries, chyemical processing of all kinds, HVAC, your car, etc.
Slowing down the flow of the product you are heating gives it more time to tranfer the heat. And increasing the flow of heated meadom going into the exchanger gives it more heat to transfer.
Please add details. Sheesh, are you building or repairing a time MACHINE or something?
