!!! I took a cardboard cylinder from a used firework, dug out all the crap, wrapped 160 turns of tinned copper wire on the outside tight and evenly so it is a beautiful solenoid, held it in place with 2 rubber bands. That was the secondary. Then I wrapped an insulated steel wire around a screwdriver shaft 10 times, stretched it out a little inserted a chopstick into this primary and inserted the chopstick into the firework. I then held it all in place with tissue paper and tape and wired the primary up to a pulsed DC circuit which was made of 3.0 volts wired to a steel file which I rubbed the electrode across. The secondary was wired to a current detector but I got no signal! Why is there zero inductance in my transformer and why is there no current at all? It can't even light up a small lightbulb!!
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There is a little more to transformer design than this. Your secondary should have used insulated wire (varnished or enamel would do) as even one turn shorting will give problems. Also, you need to consider the magnetic circuit formed by the steel core. It is usual to use soft iron for this as otherwise the hysteresis will be too large. The entire magnetic flux needs to be concentrated into the secondary so you will need to consider the magnetic path. The transformer is essentially just two (or more) inductors, sharing a common magnetic path. Any two inductors placed reasonably close to each other will work as a transformer, and the more closely they are coupled magnetically, the more efficient they become.
I think your current detector was not good enough. Was it a bulb? It wouldn't supply enough current for one. I'd suggest you need a more sensitive indicator. What you should see is about 48V. AC on the secondary, plus some more due to the inductance of the primary. Your electrode you rub on the file must be very small, such as the end of a wire, to give an interruption. You could probably get an indication on a digital multimeter on an AC range. Just don't expect it to be an accurate reading. If you're game, you could hold one end of your secondary in your fingers, and touch the other end to your tongue, then do the file thing. But you might only want to try once! I often use my tongue for low voltage indications. But 48V. would be a bit much for me. Ouch!
