a branch of thermodynamics
the shell can be merely a pipe with a larger diameter than the pipe(s). The pipes are in the shell. The temperature of the medium in the shell is used to vary the temperature of the medium in the pipes, either up or down. The Exergylic site has excellent thermodynamic data in the PDF file, but the Wikipedia entry explains a lot more. I have a large one at work (I work in Engineering in a sizeable Commercial Laundry facility), I could probably send you a pic if you need it. Good Luck, Chopper Mike
I have a drawing that shows the various types of shell and tube exchangers. I believe their functions are self evident if you see the cross sectins. Send me you email address and I'll send the drawing.