Also, how is the catalyst affected by heat? Please answer all of the questions not just one of the three. THANK YOU!
It denatures the catalyst because the rise in pH or amount of H3O+ ions. Temperature will also denature the catalyst if it's out of its optimum range.
The catalyst is affected by vinegar because vinegar is acidic meaning there are more H+ ions. This alters the charges on the R groups of the amino acid residues of the enzyme molecule. The bonds that help maintain the conformation of the enzyme molecule which is ionic will therefore, be disrupted and the binding of substrate will be affected. However, if pH is restored to optimum pH, the maximum activity of the enzyme will be restored but this is only if the pH was only altered by a small extent. If pH is altered by a large extent, the conformation of the enzyme molecule will be severely affected causing it to denature. The catalyst is affected by heat because excessive heat disrupts the intermolecular bonds which stabilise the secondary and tertiary structure of an enzyme molecule(the enzyme molecule has a tertiary structure). The enzyme molecule unfolds and the precise shape of the active site is lost. This loss of structure and function is irreversible.
