The different mechanical properties of steel round bars include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, hardness, and impact resistance. Tensile strength refers to the maximum amount of stress a material can withstand before breaking. Yield strength is the stress at which a material begins to deform permanently. Elongation measures the amount of deformation a material can undergo before breaking. Hardness determines the material's resistance to indentation or scratching. Impact resistance is the ability of a material to absorb energy during sudden impacts without breaking.