What is the environmental impact of smelting aluminum?

The environmental impact of smelting aluminum is significant. It is an energy-intensive process that contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to the high electricity consumption required for the Hall-H茅roult process. This process also generates perfluorocarbons (PFCs), which are potent greenhouse gases. Additionally, the production of aluminum releases particulate matter and sulfur dioxide, contributing to air pollution. The extraction of bauxite, the primary source of aluminum, can lead to deforestation and habitat destruction. Moreover, the waste products, such as red mud, can cause water pollution if not properly managed. Overall, the smelting of aluminum has considerable environmental implications, necessitating the development of more sustainable practices in the industry.