at how many miles should a motorcycle need new brakes?
Has more to do with the TYPE of mileage. If you're always on the highway and almost never have to use your brakes, they'll last a lot longer than if you're always in town in stop and go traffic.
Mileage doesn't come into it. Its down to how much the brakes have been used or abused. The only way to tell if they need renewing is to look at the pads (or shoes). If they have worn thin, or are damaged, or are contaminated by oil or brake fluid, replace them.
Just look at the idicator marks on the shoes or the drums. At moderate use, I would guess somewhere around 20-30000 miles or so. Some last shorter, some longer depending on the riding conditions.