Question:

axle ratios?

What are they and how do they work?

Answer:

The guys above are right about the engine/wheel ratios. The advantage of having a lower numerical ratio ( a 2:1 vs a 4:1) is that when the engine turns over fewer times per mile it may get better mileage and lower emissions.
This is the ratio of the rotation of the transmission to the rotation of the axles. This is determined by the size of the gears in the differencial. A large number like 4:1 means that the engine will rotate 4 times to make the axel rotate once and the vehicle will be low geared. A smaller number like 2:1 means that the engine will rotate 2 times to make the axel rotate once and the vehicle will be high geared. If you have lots of time and money , these gears can be changed for specific driving.
Axel ratio is the number of rotations the drive shaft makes per number of rotations the wheels turn. example: my jeep has a 4.10 Axel ratio. drive shaft turns 4.10 times every revolution of the wheels

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