Can a damaged front axle in a car cause any other parts to become damaged?
Sure. It's a piece of metal attached to other pieces of metal. If it's out of whack, it will put increased forces on everything holding it together like bearings, ball joints, tie rods, and the like. If it's broken in two, then you really have problems since the weight will be unevenly distributed and a severe camber upset. It's like trying to walk with a twisted ankle. I would not drive any vehicle with any kind of steering, suspension, or axle damage due to the risks and the fact the driving may only cause more damage as other things bend and break. I would have it towed to my mechanic for repair before proceeding.
