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Question:

How does feldspar and quartz differ chemically?

what type of silicate structure does each have and how would you distinguish between them on the basis of cleavage?

Answer:

Sand, iron ore, mica, shale, quartz among several other trace amounts of minerals would be highly probable. Depending on the area, there may be possible diamond traces.
I assume you are in the southeastern US? The clay is probably kaolinite and the quartz is quartz. You may or may not have a decent supply of nice quartz crystals. This depends on the local environmental conditions when the quartz veins were forming. If you find your land on a USDA-NRCS soil survey, the soil series that is mapped on your land may give you additional information on local mineralogy

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