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Question:

Why are most beaches made up of quartz sand?

Are there other materials that make ip beaches? What can they be?

Answer:

yes it's very common It is white because of numerous tiny gas bubbles in the quartz, giving it a white, milky appearance
milky quartz is probably the most common type of quartz that you will find in veins. white quartz veins seem to be everywhere. the quartz is white because the quartz is imperfect and light scatters inside instead of passing through in a regular way. the major source of light scattering is the presence of very small inclusions (very tiny bubbles) of liquid and gas. most quartz veins form from migrating fluid (usually some sort of really hot salty water) and the quartz forms so fast that it captures bubbles of that water as it forms. you will notice that milky quartz almost never has nicely formed crystals. it forms too quickly to make nice crystals; all the little tiny crystals all grow into each other instead of seeing one or a few very big crystals forming. it is the presence of all those different grain (crystal) contacts that also causes the light to scatter and gives the white color. the grain boundaries are randomly oriented, which along with the bubbles everywhere, makes light bounce all over the place inside the quartz material.

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