The concentricity of a pump shaft and motor shaft is typically measured using a dial indicator. The dial indicator is mounted on a fixed surface near the coupling between the two shafts. The indicator's stylus is then adjusted to touch the surface of one of the shafts. As the shafts rotate, any deviation from perfect alignment will cause the dial indicator to move, indicating the amount of eccentricity or misalignment. This measurement helps to ensure proper alignment and minimize vibration and wear in the system.