Material formulae ( Mixed blend) for Sewer and Waste Water Pipe fittings and also Electrical Pipe Fittings.
i dont know it off the top of my head but there is an equation, the reaction force equation for fire hoses, google that and that should give you the answer
Ask him. At age five, he probably has a great idea of what starts with the letter R. Just have him look around his room. Tell him you will nod yes or no. Give him a good nod YES and lots of praise when he can do this himself. Have fun.