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Question:

What are the commonly used earthwork measuring instruments and methods?

What are the commonly used earthwork measuring instruments and methods?

Answer:

Elevation survey, angle measurement, distance measurement and point survey
Point surveyThree dimensional coordinate measurement of point pointing. New progress has been made in the coordinate measuring and mapping instrument for point to point, and the computer type total station instrument is developed in the direction of all-round and intelligent with abundant software. With electric motor drive and program control of the total station, combined with lasers, communications and CCD technology, you can achieve the full automation of measurement, known as measuring robot. The robot can automatically find the exact measurement and sighting target, complete the observation of a target point in one second, like a robot for continuous and repeated observations of hundreds of targets, which can be widely used in monitoring and measuring the deformation of construction.
Distance measurementIn the distance measurement, the development of Surveying and mapping technology is relatively fast, the long distance (tens of meters to several kilometers), short distance (several meters to tens of meters) and micro distance (millimeter to micron) and the variation of the precision measurement accuracy is very high, which is represented by ME5000 precision laser rangefinder and a double frequency laser interferometer, long distance measurement precision of millimeter.
Angle measurementAn instrument for measuring angles; a theodolite. The development of theodolite can be divided into three stages, vernier theodolite, optical theodolite and electronic theodolite. Although the electronic theodolite is similar in appearance to the optical theodolite, it uses the microcomputer control and the electronic angle measuring system instead of the optical reading system. It has its own advantages, obviously compared with the optical theodolite are: electronic measuring system of electronic theodolite, can automatically display the measurement results, realize the automatic and digital reading; using modular structure, more easily with the range finder and digital recorder combined into electronic total station, if with the appropriate the interface, the data collected in the field of direct input to the computer calculation and drawing; measurement accuracy of electronic theodolite is high, easy to use and less artificial error.
Height surveyOne is the precise leveling fast, its reading fast and high precision, precise leveling is better than the 30% - 50% of the work efficiency and precision for installation deformation measurement of buildings settlement observation and industrial equipment.Two is the electronic digital level connected with the computer, can realize real-time and automatic continuous elevation measurement, with the support of application software, can realize the integration of domestic and foreign information. Three is in the standard survey, the topographic survey, the line survey and the construction survey and so on domains have the more widespread application.

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