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Question:

What exactly do bigger axles do?

I have 3/4 ton axles, what would putting 1 ton‘s under my truck do? I know my top speed would drop and my gas miilage would suck even worse, What are the benifits?

Answer:

Benefits are stronger axles that can handle more load and more power. That's about it. If it affects your final drive, then a lower top speed means quicker acceleration as well.
What kind of vehicle? On general motors trucks 3/4 and 1 tons usually have the same axles. aam 14 bolt rear and either a dana 44 or dana 60 in the front if its a solid front axle. the mileage might not drop depending on gear ratio. only thing could be different is if the 1 ton rear axle is a single wheel or duals.
Trucks aren't really classed as 1 ton or 3/4 ton and haven't been for at least 50 years. Your maximum pay-load is the difference between the GVW and the tare (empty) weight. In many cases, the maximum load is limited by the tires springs, not the axles. You'll have to do some homework to figure this out.

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