Does 16 foot trailer have to have two axles? ?
The size of the trailer doesn't determine how many axles, the loaded weight does. If you work at a helium balloon factory, you could have a 50' box trailer with a tiny axle, it would be fine. On the other hand, if you are a transporter of lead bricks, even a 8 foot trailer would need two axles.
No, but it will be limited to the weight carrying capacity of one axle. In small utility trailers that's usually around 3000 lbs. The purpose for multiple axles is to increase the weight carrying ability.
No, doesn't have to. Probably will, though, both for engineering and legal reasons