ahem.shall we begin?how many electrons are in the outermost shell of a sulphur atom?how many electrons are in the outermost shell of a fluorine ion?how many shells are there in the bohr model of an aluminum atom?which of the following represents the bohr model electron arrangement of a chlorine atom?a) 2, 15 b) 2, 2, 13 c) 2, 8 ,7 d) 2, 8, 8what do the bryllium ion and a neon atom have in common?a) full outer shell b) same number of electrons c) same number of electron shells d) none of above
1) How many electrons are in the outermost shell of a sulphur atom? Sulphur has an atomic number of 16, which means it has 16 electrons (and protons)Each shell from the inside to outside carries 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32The shells of a sulphur atom is the following: 2, 8, 6So: There are 6 electrons in the outermost shell of a sulphur atom2) How many electrons are in the outermost shell of a fluorine ion? Since a fluorine atom has an atomic number of 9 (so 9 electrons), and it has an ion charge of -1It needs one more electron to become an ion, which makes it 10 electronsFollowing the same rule as number 1), the shells are: 2, 8So: The outermost shell of a fluorine ion has 8 electrons3) Shells hold electrons by: 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32(like I said from before) An aluminum atom's atomic number is 13, (13 electrons) An aluminum atom holds the electrons as so: 2, 8, 3So: There are 3 shells in the bohr model of an aluminum atom4) A chlorine atom has the atomic number of 17, so there are 17 electronsAs said from before, shells hold electrons as so: 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32So: the correct answer must be c) 5)What do the beryllium ion and a neon atom have in common? Beryllium ion: 2, 6(Not full outer shell) ~~ Neon atom: 2, 8 (Full outer shell) Beryllium ion: 6 electrons ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Neon atom: 10 electrons Beryllium ion: 2 shells ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Neon atom: 2 shells So: c) is the correct answer.
See what temperature epoxy is good toIn that small an area is the thermal conductivity of the rectangle really that critical?
There a variety of solutions to your problem but specifically cannot propose one until the notion of temperature is know I need the temperature to be fairly high There are different material choices to be made and we need to identify the temperature rangeAlso be aware that batteries are finite power sources and converting electrical energy to heat is a very consumptive process that will eat into the battery supply quicklyAs the batteries become discharges the power may drop off as well as the temperature.
Its an assumption that a ceramic has poor thermal conductivitySome ceramics have pretty good thermal conductivityYou might be able to use a thin glass insulator between the copper and the nichrome(think microscope slide cover)You could also run an ac current instead of a dc currentA simple circuit can do a DC to AC conversionWith it you could get more resistive losses (heating) that you might otherwise get with a specific length of wire.
