when they are first charged, how do they not lose that charge?
Magnetism or magnetic field strength are the terms usually used here. The therm charge is only used for electric fields. Magnets are formed when a majority of the atoms of a magnetic material are all lined up along the same axis. Some materials can easily be made magnetic, iron is one (if you take a soft iron rod, point it north and beat on the end with a hammer, you can make the rod magnetic, its a very weak magnet tho). How well a material holds a magnetic field depends, again, on the magnetic material. ceramic magnets hold their magnetism very well because the atoms are locked in a crystal structure that makes it hard for them to move. Soft iron doesn't hold a field as well because its atoms are more free to change positions (this is why you can beat on it with a hammer and get some of the atoms to line up).
Very easily. Magnets do not have a charge. They have magnetism.
