I have a couple of ceramic things that I broke,one is a decorative teapot, and one is a big horse. I have tried several glues including super glue and even that magic putty stuff from t.v. but it doesn‘t work.
There is glue made specifically for china, ceramic, and glass.if you have a hobby lobby or michaels near you.go to the glue aisle. You can read on any bottle what glue will work on what surfaces.the ones that say they work on most any surface including. don't usually work on stuff like ceramics.
Ceramic is porous, so you need a glue that's designed for porous surfaces. Super Glue isn't, as you have discovered. White glue works well, but may not be strong enough if you still want to be able to use the item. It works fine for things that will just be sitting on your shelf. For more strength, you can use a combination of glues. Don't blend them, though. That could be dangerous. Take the broken surfaces you want to glue together and apply a thin film of white glue to them. (If you're American, think Elmer's Glue. Plain old white glue.) Let that thin film dry thoroughly so it isn't sticky or tacky in the least when touched. Then apply the Super Glue according to the instructions on the package. The ceramic, being coated with the thin film of dried white glue, can no longer absorb the Super Glue like it did last time you tried it. This solution isn't advertised because white glue isn't a sophisticated, high-ticket product. It works wonderfully well, however.