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Question:

how will you prove that all nonzero elements of an integral domain have the same additive order?

an integral domain is a commutative ring with no zero divisors

Answer:

First suppose the multiplicative identity 1 has finite order n 0. So n*1 0 Then for any element x, nx (n*1)x 0*x 0 So every element has additive order less than or equal to n. Now suppose we have a nonzero element x with additive order m n. Then mx 0. But m is an element of the integral domain and x is nonzero, so since there are no nonzero zero divisors, m 0 (in the integral domain) i.e. m*1 0 So the additive order of 1 must be less than or equal to m, which contradicts that m n. Therefore every nonzero element has additive order n. Finally, if 1 has infinite additive order then we show that all nonzero elements have infinite additive order. For suppose x is a nonzero element with finite additive order. Then mx 0 for some m 0. But again, since there are no nonzero zero divisors and x is nonzero, we must conclude that m 0 (in the integral domain) i.e. m*1 0. So 1 has finite additive order, contradiction.
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