Ive been researching earthen floors. Im a little confused. Does this floor serve as the foundation as well as the floor or is it just an alternative to carpet and such?
No. When earthen floors are used, at the very least, a rubble trench foundation is used. In my opinion, if your going so far as to make an earthen floor, a concrete foundation seems ridiculous. The floor itself can be relatively thin, any foundation must be quite a bit thicker than the floor. Make sure you read as much as you can on this stuff. There are lots of ways to screw up!!
A foundation is used to hold up walls and a roof. I`m sure you do not want the roof to fall upon you. A normal foundation used is concrete. Check with your local building department on what is required for foundations.