Globe valve is used commonly
Gate valve is commonly used.
Never heard it called a globe valve. Around here the term ball valve is more common.I have seen a few gate valves on some crew boats but that's the exception rather the rule.Ball valves are way more common. In any case,once installed on a boat they become sea cocks.
Gate valves are more commonly used on ships, however any type of valve will work as there really isn't any pressure acting on the valve. Butterfly valves are used in many newer vessels as they are cheaper to purchase. I don't recall ever seeing a ball valve used on a sea chest, nor a globe valve?
