Why extract the genome, the digestion is always not cut
The specificity of enzymes is very strict, those compounds that are considered symmetric in organic chemistry such as glycerol, ethanol, citric acid, etc., are asymmetric (even with the same groups) when they are used as substrates for enzymes, That is, their location in space, after all, different (available "three-point landing" theory explained, 1948 Oqston proposed).
The process of metabolism in the body contains many complex and regular material metabolism and energy changes.Green plants and certain bacteria use solar energy, water, CO2 and inorganic salts and other simple substances, after a series of changes, the synthesis of complex sugar, Fat, protein and other macromolecules, and animals and the use of these plants in the material, and through the complex decomposition and synthesis, the reaction into their own part of the need to grow, breeding, etc. In the laboratory, complex The synthesis and decomposition of organic matter must be carried out under severe conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, strong acid and alkali, such as starch and protein hydrolysis, and some reactions are difficult to carry out in vitro, such as protein synthesis, but in biological conditions Mild (370C or so, near neutral pH), these reactions can be carried out smoothly and quickly.For example, animals eat meat in the digestive tract only a few hours will be completely digested and decomposed; bacteria in the appropriate conditions, Twenty minutes to proliferate generation, in this short twenty minutes, the synthesis of new cells within the need for all the complex substances, etc., what is the reason? This makes the chemical reaction in the body easier And the root cause of rapid progress is the prevalence of a catalytic role in the body of the protein - enzyme.
Enzymes are proteins that are highly specific and catalyzed in living cells, also known as biocatalysts, which are produced by the organism itself. In the metabolic process, almost all chemical reactions are in the enzyme Catalyzed, and the conditions are mild, the reaction efficiency is extremely high, so that the various substances in the body in constant metabolism, in this sense, there is no enzyme without life. Intracellular synthesis of enzymes mainly in the cell from the catalytic The role of some enzymes after the release into the blood or digestive tract, and where to play its catalytic role, artificial extraction of enzymes in the appropriate conditions can also be in the test tube of its special substrate catalytic role.
The enzyme, like the general catalyst, only catalyzes the thermodynamics of the permissible chemical reaction, shortening the time to reach the chemical equilibrium without changing the equilibrium point. The enzyme as a catalyst has no qualitative and quantitative changes before and after the chemical reaction. The mechanism of action of enzymes and general catalysts is to reduce the activation energy of the reaction.
