how can we detect the failure of brakes using sensors when the automobile is running? what are the sensors used? how can we use the micro controller and embedded system program to detect the failure of brakes and make an alarm simultaneously alternative brakes are applied automatically atonce and the vehicle should be stopped atonce?
There are two types of brakes pneumatic and hydraulic or both combined. If you need to detect any problem while braking , like someone else answered here, it is very easy thing to do. (refer to his answer). But if you need to detect any fault without braking, still you can do it up to a certain extend but fairly complex. You need pressure sensors on each pipeline that goes to the wheels, pressure at master cylinder including vacuum, brake pedal position, brake fluid level sensor. All these sensor info should go into a microcontroller and then decide whether there is a fault or not.
Anti lock brakes work in a similar fashion. Rotor speed is monitored while th ebrake pedal is depressed. If the rotor slows too much or stops that signals the antilocks system to take effect. Now consider what your asking When you depress the brake and release the accelerator the system should expect to see a decrease in rotor speed. If it doesn't see a fast enough drop in rotor speed across a certain amount of time then it can assume a brake failure. Brake systems currently monitor hydraulic pressure as a means of detecting brake failure by the failure of the hydraulic system .
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This should be fairly easy to do, because the vehicle speed should be reduced if the brake pedal is depressed. Cars already have a brake switch and speedometer, so all you have to do is look at the rate of change of speed, when the brake is depressed. A more sophisticated method would be to measure how far the pedal is depressed and compare the deceleration to the expected value.
