Besides spores obviously.More along the lines of soil composition, climate and how exactly to plant them.
It would depend upon the type of mushroom. Some require hardwood, some grow on straw, etc. eg: Agaricus - generally require composted straw/dung. Shittake - requires hardwood Oyster mushrooms - will generally grow on paper or cardboard or straw Psilocybe mushrooms - mostly grow on straw / dung, or man made substrates (eg corn flour and vermiculite) - although there are some wood loving members of the family Morel mushrooms - require a certain ratio of carbon - usually as burnt wood - which is why they often spring up after fires and floods. Truffles - require a certain blend of minerals in the soil along with symbiosis with certain trees. all require moisture some do very well with high levels of co2, some don't - so some will do well without much ventilation, others will fail. Some require light to fruit, others dont. Some fruit depending upon CO2 concentrations, some fruit mainly due to drops in temperature. Asking what fungi like is like asking what animals eat or how to make plants grow, it's the third major group - it really does depend on the fungus. If you're growing from scratch, and outdoors, you're best germinating the spores to porduce spawn first, then using this to innoculate the growing medium - then cover with plastic until the medium has been grown through.
mushrooms are a fungus, so they primarly decompose carbohydrates. First with mushrooms you must have a root system grown called the mycelium, from their they NEED a shady, warm, moist environment. and they grow right off the root system. You could probably find out more information online :D!
nutritious soil, you could even use manure and wood pulp mix, great for some kinds, but manure works great for pretty much all of them. climate? moist, warm, but not hot. I have never heard of a company that supplies spores, but if you do find one, basically spread them out on the soil, maybe cover them with a little bit of soil, just enough to protect them and get them out of the sun and excessive moisture like rain or puddled water, it literally dissolves mushrooms. a old shed should do, leave some buckets of water around to hydrate the air.
