Do you agree that teflon tape will seal a brake leak at a brake line fitting?? And would a thread sealant stop the leak on a brake fitting??
Black with an overcoating of infrared-blocking material, transparent to visible light. This setup allows visible light ( where most of the solar radiation is) to pass through the IR material, be absorbed and hence heat up the black element, which then reemits in the IR. But the IR is blocked by the filter, so the system heats up and retains (reasonably so) the heat. Do a Google search for IR material.
If it is the rules of the school - for safety reasons - that you wear glasses - then the teacher is right. But - also wrong for not following schools policy himself. As for the rest of it - you need to follow the rules and procedures of your school concerning detention your rights to appeal the decision of a teacher.