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Question:

what are brake cylinders?

Trying to find out what is the function of brake cylinders?

Answer:

you have a few varieties actually. you have a master cylinder which is the source fo the pressure and from one to 4 cylinders at the wheels that use that pressure to exert force or pressure on a rotor to stop the wheels and the vehicle. drum brakes use a wheel cylinder and a rotor uses a caliper so there is a bit of a difference.
They are the hydraulic operators for a brake system. The master cylinder is actuated when you press the brake pedal and provides high pressure hydraulic fluid to the wheel cylinders in a drum brake system or the calipers in a disc brake system. In the wheel cylinders the hydraulic fluid pushes two pistons which expands the shoes into the drum to provide friction for stopping. In the calipers the hydraulic fluid pushes a piston which squeezes the discs against the rotor to provide friction for stopping the car.

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